It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

https://youtu.be/uEoa-7J6zpY, https://www.business-humanrights.org/en/latest-news/ethiopia-jakenn-publishing-urges-govt-says-current-internet-shutdown-threats-access-to-information-on-ongoing-conflict-in-tigray-region/, https://twitter.com/accessnow/status/1323964706382643200, https://cpj.org/2021/05/journalists-shutdowns-myanmar-ethiopia-kashmir/

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uEoa-7J6zpY

This full shutdown happened at the start of the conflict and the government blamed the Tigray military forces for destruction of infrastructure. Nevertheless, after promises of restoration of services by the National Government, the internet services remain largely inaccessible in Tigray, amid various reports of human rights abuses.

https://www.accessnow.org/two-years-internet-shutdowns-tigray/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

https://transparency.fb.com/data/internet-disruptions/country/UG/, https://www.nytimes.com/2021/01/13/world/africa/uganda-facebook-ban-elections.html; https://techjaja.com/govt-lifts-social-media-ban-but-there-is-a-catch/

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

Museveni claimed that Facebook was taking sides during the election.

Facebook remains blocked through the end of 2022, beginning Jan. 12, 2021 preceding national elections in Uganda. Other platforms were restored in 2021.

https://www.accessnow.org/the-world-is-watching-uganda-elections/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

https://explorer.ooni.org/chart/mat?probe_cc=IR&test_name=signal&since=2022-01-31&until=2023-01-31&axis_x=measurement_start_day; https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/1/26/iran-blocks-signal-messaging-app-after-whatsapp-exodus

Signal has been blocked in Iran since Jan. 25, 2021.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Full network, Service-based

Pressure Twitter to comply with Government take down orders.

https://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news73464.htm; https://www.accessnow.org/russia-throttled-twitter/; https://censoredplanet.org/throttling

Roskomnadzor announced that it would slow down Twitter on “100 percent of mobile services and 50 percent desktop services" claiming that the social media company did not delete over 3,000 materials the authorities deemed unlawful.

https://rkn.gov.ru/news/rsoc/news73464.htm

Roskomnadzor announced that it would slow down Twitter on “100 percent of mobile services and 50 percent desktop services" claiming that the social media company did not delete over 3,000 materials the authorities deemed unlawful. On May 17, Russia announced that it would not block Twitter entirely because the company complied with deleting more than 91% of flagged content.

https://www.accessnow.org/russia-throttled-twitter/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Oman’s Telecommunications Regulatory Authority (TRA)

Quoting Al Jazeera, "The chatrooms of Clubhouse, a sort of town square for unfettered discussions of politics and social issues, have provided a window through the censorship. Recent free-flowing exchanges in the region have featured activists from Egypt’s 2011 uprising, feminists in Kuwait, government officials in Libya and even a transgender woman in Saudi Arabia."

https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2021/3/15/oman-blocks-clubhouse-app-fueling-regional-censorship-fears

Authorities blocked the social media audio chat platform Clubhouse "on the grounds of not being licensed to operate"

Clubhouse is still blocked across Oman.

https://www.accessnow.org/clubhouse/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

https://jordanopensource.org/blog/78/blocking-clubhouse-in-jordan-a-quick-analysis-of-internet-censorship-methods-in-use; https://jordanopensource.org/blog/74/josa-in-light-of-the-latest-internet-shutdowns-the-right-to-internet-access-without-restrictions-must-be-ensured

Clubhouse, Facebook Live

Jordan: Zain, Orange, VTel and DAMAMAX

On Mar. 15, 2021, following an anti-lockdown protest, Jordanian officials blocked Clubhouse, an audio-only social media app, on a number of major internet service providers (ISPs). It remained blocked as of early 2023, in addition to multiple VPN servers.

https://www.accessnow.org/jordanprotests/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Nationwide except for HK SAR

https://techcrunch.com/2021/03/15/signal-is-down-in-china/

China Telecom, China Unicom, China Mobile

Signal app was shutdown in China after a surge in downloads in February and March 2021. It remains blocked as of February 2023.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Minister for Information and Culture

Twitter “indefinitely” blocked for “persistent use of the platform for activities that are capable of undermining Nigeria’s corporate existence.” Later it was said the block was “temporary” and that it was to “limit consequences of fake news”. The blocking takes place just after Twitter’s decision to remove President Muhammadu Buhari’s tweet threatening genocide on Nigerian citizens in the south.

https://nypost.com/2021/06/04/nigeria-announces-twitter-ban-in-statement-on-twitter/?utm_source=twitter_sitebuttons&utm_medium=site%20buttons&utm_campaign=site%20buttons

National security/ Counter-terrorism

The statement, posted on the ministry’s official Twitter account, cited “the persistent use of the platform for activities that are capable of undermining Nigeria’s corporate existence.”

https://twitter.com/FMICNigeria/status/1400843062641717249

Nigeria: 9mobile (Teleology), Nigeria: Airtel (Bharti Airtel), Nigeria: Bitflux, Nigeria: Glo Mobile (Globacom), Nigeria: InterC Network, Nigeria: MTN, Nigeria: ntel (NatCom), Nigeria: Smile, Nigeria: Swift Networks

https://twitter.com/thecableng/status/1401291456137109514

https://www.accessnow.org/nigeria-blocks-twitter-keepiton

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Kachin's Hpakant, Sagaing

https://www.irrawaddy.com/news/burma/myanmar-junta-cuts-internet-access-in-hpakant.html; https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

Telecom operators said that they did not know why internet services were blocked or when they would resume, according to locals.

Myanmar’s military regime has cut off internet access in Hpakant, Kachin State since Friday, August 20, 2021. Mobile internet services were blocked around 8.30pm on Friday, followed by a shutdown of wifi internet hours later, said residents. The block is still in place as of Feb. 2022.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Sagaing’s Pale, Yinmarbin, Kani, Budalin, Ayadaw, Taze, and Ye-U townships, Mandalay’s Mogyoke and Myingyan townships, and Magway's Taungdwingyi townships

Mobile internet and some types of Wi-Fi have been down in several townships.

https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/internet-blackout-hits-parts-of-sagaing-and-mandalay-regions; https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/internet-09162021205144.html; https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

Myanmar: Telenor, Ooredoo, MPT

As of Feb. 2022, the shutdowns in Mogok and Myingyan townships in Mandalay region are ongoing.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Chin state’s Matupi, Tonzang, Paletwa, Falam, Kanpetlet, Thantlang, Tedim, Mindat townships, Magway's Myaing, Gangaw, and Tilin townships

Deliberate infrastructure attacks or targeted disruptions in an active conflict zone

https://www.myanmar-now.org/en/news/military-cuts-off-internet-connection-in-11-more-townships-in-northwestern-myanmar; https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/internet-09242021190423.html; https://www.rfa.org/english/news/myanmar/surge-10042021193211.html; https://www.reuters.com/world/asia-pacific/myanmar-air-strikes-reported-battle-internet-cut-more-areas-2021-09-27/; https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

The internet was shutdown with few exceptions throughout all of 2022 in townships across the Chin state and Magway region since Sept. 2021.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Sagaing's Pinlebu, Wuntho, Kawlin, Salingyi, Mingin, Kalay townships, Chin's Haka township

Deliberate infrastructure attacks or targeted disruptions in an active conflict zone

https://freedomhouse.org/country/myanmar/freedom-net/2021; https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

Activists, protesters, and Myanmar's People Defense Forces

In the Sagaing region, 8 townships have experienced a near-constant blackout since Sep. 26, 2021, with 30 additional townships being shutdown (with only 2G service) since Mar. 4, 2022.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Originally to control information about COVID-19, but continued as part of an ongoing censorship effort

Social media blocks are ongoing from late 2021 into early 2023. Also, in April 2022, the authorities blocked most VPN services and subnets of the world's largest hosting providers in the country. The average connection speed dropped to 22.4 KB/s.

https://www.accessnow.org/turkmenistan-internet-shutdowns/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Uzkomnazorat, the national communication regulator in Uzbekistan

https://www.rferl.org/a/uzbekistan-social-media-restrictions/31544451.html; https://explorer.ooni.org/chart/mat?probe_cc=UZ&test_name=web_connectivity&domain=twitter.com&since=2022-02-08&until=2023-02-08&axis_x=measurement_start_day; https://thediplomat.com/2022/08/uzbekistan-unblocks-twitter-tiktok-still-restricted/

Non-compliance with data protection laws

In Uzbekistan, Article 27-1, a new addition to the Law on Personal Data, came into force on 16 April. According to this article, the personal data of Uzbek citizens are required to be stored on servers located in the territory of the Republic of Uzbekistan.

WeChat, VKontakte, LinkedIn, Moi Mir, Odnoklassniki, and YouTube

Twitter, WeChat, and VKontakte were blocked in Uzbekistan from Nov. 3, 2021 until Aug. 1, 2022. A data localization law signed in January 2021 is still in effect and empowers the government to block social media platforms again in the future.

https://www.accessnow.org/turkmenistan-internet-shutdowns/

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO)

Protests over the killing of a young Pamiri minority representative, Gulbiddin Ziyobekov

https://www.ohchr.org/en/press-releases/2022/04/tajikistan-un-experts-sound-alarm-about-tensions-gbao-urge-protection-pamiri, https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/02/07/tajikistan-restore-internet-autonomous-region

National security/ Counter-terrorism

To prevent groups outside of the country from escalating tensions

https://www.asiaplustj.info/ru/news/tajikistan/politics/20211227/vlasti-gbao-soobtshili-pochemu-v-oblasti-ne-vosstanavlivayut-internet

A region-wide blanket shutdown in GBAO started in Khorog in response to escalating protests and was soon applied to the whole region starting Nov. 26, 2021. Connectivity to 2G was restored on Mar. 21, 2022.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/01(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/01(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Dec. 31 and Jan. 2.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Prime Minister resigned and the military regained control of the government. Anti-coup protest happened immediately.

https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1478441370721337349

Sudan: MTN, Sudan: Sudani (Sudatel), Sudan: Zain

There was a 12-hour disruption in Sudan as the Prime Minister resigned and the military regained control of the country

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/02(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/02(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 3 and Jan. 5.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Full network, Service-based

Kazakhstan government led by President Kasym-Jomart Tokaev

The government lifted caps on liquefied petroleum gas prices, prompting huge price spikes and a massive set of protests across the country. To hide the violence against protestors and to silence their voices, the government imposed an escalating series of shutdowns.

https://www.accessnow.org/kazakhstan-internet-shutdowns-protests-almaty-timeline-whats-happening/, https://twitter.com/openobservatory/status/1479064095768911872, https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-shut-down-in-kazakhstan-amid-unrest/

National security/ Counter-terrorism

The General Prosecutor can order shutdowns without a court order based on the Kazakh Law of Communication due to "unauthorized public gatherings"

Kazakhstan: Beeline (VEON), Kazakhstan: Kcell (Fintur), Kazakhstan: Tele2 / ALTEL, Kazakhtelecom JSC

https://t.me/zatelecom/20071

Kcell claimed authorities ordered the disruptions based on the Law on Communication, “in the interests of providing anti-terrorist [sic] and public safety.”

Triggered by protests, the government imposed measurable mobile shutdowns starting Jan. 4 followed by a blackout of nearly 5 days straight between Jan. 5 - Jan. 11 with intermittent restorations of connectivity only for the president to give addresses.

https://www.accessnow.org/kazakhstan-internet-shutdowns-protests-almaty-timeline-whats-happening/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/03(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/03(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Pulwama from 07:05 to 15:15 on Jan. 5.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/04(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/04(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 6 and Jan. 8.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Loikaw, Demoso, Bawlakhe, Hpasawng, and Mese townships in Kayah State

Deliberate infrastructure attacks or targeted disruptions in an active conflict zone

https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

Mobile internet has been virtually inaccessible for most of 2022 in Kayah State since Jan. 6 for Loikaw and Feb. 1 for at least 4 other townships. The shutdowns are ongoing.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Kulgam, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/06(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/06(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Kulgam from 17:00 on Jan. 9 to 13:00 on Jan. 10.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/05(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/05(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 9 and Jan. 11.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Full network, Service-based

A failed coup attempt caused the Burkina Faso government to allegedly shutdown mobile internet between January 10th-11th and block Facebook for around 2 weeks.

https://afriksoir.net/burkina-faso-internet-encore-coupe-au-lendemain-sommet-cedeao/; https://pulse.internetsociety.org/shutdowns/second-shutdown-in-a-month-in-burkina-faso

National security/ Counter-terrorism

The mobile shutdown between January 10-11 was never acknowledged, however, government spokesman Alkassoum Maiga said the Facebook blocking was justified due to national security concerns

https://www.aa.com.tr/en/africa/burkina-faso-restricts-facebook-after-internet-outages/2480343

Government spokesman Alkassoum Maiga: "the national interest must be above our particular interests"

Burkina: Orange, Burkina: Telecel (Planor afrique), Burkina: Telmob (Onatel)

Political upheaval and a failed coup attempt prompted a mobile internet shutdown for around half a day and Facebook blocking for around two weeks. The government acknowledged and tried to justify the Facebook blocking.

https://www.accessnow.org/burkina-faso-internet-shutdown/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Government of Arunachal Pradesh, Office of the District Magistrate

All Nyishi Youth Association announced a bandh call for 36 hours effective 1/13/2022

https://twitter.com/netshutdowns/status/1481559939793715202; https://arunachal24.in/itanagar-48-hr-internet-shutdown-over-anya-bandh-call/

"to prevent occurrence of serious law and order problems during the proposed 36 hrs Bandh call"

Order No.DM/ICC/01/2021, declared Bandh call illegal on the basis of the judgment of the Supreme Court of India in Civil Appeal No.7728/29 of 1997 (CPI vrs Bharat Kumar and others)

India: Airtel (Bharti Airtel), India: BSNL, India: Reliance Jio (Reliance Industries), India: Vodafone Idea

All Nyishi Youth Association planned a bandh for 36 hours effective 1/13/2022, prompting the government to order a shutdown starting 17:00 1/12/2022 to 17:00 1/14/2022 (local time).

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/07(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/07(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 12 and Jan. 14.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/08(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/08(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 15 and Jan. 17.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/09(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/09(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 18 and Jan. 20.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Airstrikes by the SLC on the port city of Hudaydah cause a nationwide blackout of YemenNet for four days

https://shutdowns.yodet.org/2022; https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1485958471233200128

https://www.alaraby.co.uk/entertainment_media/%D8%B9%D9%88%D8%AF%D8%A9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%A7%D9%84%D9%8A%D9%85%D9%86-%D8%A8%D8%B9%D8%AF-%D8%A7%D9%86%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%A7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D8%B3%D8%AA%D9%85%D8%B1-4-%D8%A3%D9%8A%D8%A7%D9%85

According to Houthi authorities, the Saudi-led Coalition (SLC) led airstrikes on the port city of Hudaydah, targeting a telecommunications building which triggered a nationwide internet blackout for four days.

https://www.accessnow.org/yemen-internet-shutdown-statement/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/10(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/10(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 21 and Jan. 23.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

The shutdown coincided with a coup d'etat launched by the military that removed the president from power and dissolved the parliament and constitution.

https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-disruption-in-burkina-faso/;

Burkina: Orange, Burkina: Telecel (Planor afrique), Burkina: Telmob (Onatel), FasoNet

The ~35 hour shutdown, affecting mobile and broadband services, occurred as a military uprising toppled the government. No government officials or ISPs acknowledged the shutdown.

https://www.accessnow.org/burkina-faso-internet-shutdown/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/11(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/11(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 24 and Jan. 26.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

Religious holiday/anniversary

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/12(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/12(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended across the Kashmir Valley during Republic day celebrations.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/13(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/13(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 27 and Jan. 29.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/14(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/14(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Pulwama from 01:45 to 18:50 on Jan. 30.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/15(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/15(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Jan. 30 and Feb. 1.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/16(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/16(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 2 and Feb. 4.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/17(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/17(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 5 and Feb. 7.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Hazaribagh, Giridih, Chatra, and Kodarma Districts, Jharkhand

Clashes took place during a procession in Jharkhand, prompting officials to impose a shutdown

https://www.medianama.com/2022/02/223-internet-shutdown-24-hours-jharkhand-district/

https://twitter.com/NetShutdowns/status/1490551992845955072

"As per government instructions Internet services have been stopped in your area till further notice"

Mobile and broadband services were cutoff for 24 hours in 4 districts of Jharkhand starting around 04:00 on Feb. 7. Users received a message once the shutdown happened, but received no advanced warning, and sources within local telcos said the shutdown was requested on an "unofficial" government order.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/18(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/18(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 8 and Feb. 10.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Nationwide, especially Ashgabat

Preparation for the upcoming Extraordinary Meeting of the Halk Maslahaty Milli Gengesh (National Council of the People’s Council) of Turkmenistan to be held February 11, in which delegates from the Regions of the country will participate online.

https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31694427.html

VPN services; IMO messenger

Turkmentelecom, AGTS (Ashgabat City Telephone Network)

Students faced expulsion for accessing banned sites and social media platforms, and were forced to cooperate with the Ministry of National Security

Mobile internet was throttled across Turkmenistan, especially Ashgabat, on Feb. 8 through Feb. 9, in preparation for the upcoming extraordinary meeting of the Halk Maslakhaty. VPNs were impossible to connect to, and the Imo messenger was blocked.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/19(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/19(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 11 and Feb. 13.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

A livestreaming of the 75th anniversary of the Panglong Agreement by the exiled National Unity Government (NUG). A nationwide mobile internet shutdown was imposed from 4 am to 11 am to prevent anti-junta protests on “Union Day” which was named by the successive authoritarian regime, observed on 12 February 2022.

https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

A mobile internet shutdown was implemented by the acting military junta from 4:00am to 11:00am local time on Feb. 12, in an effort to curb protests on a holiday promoted by the exiled government.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/20(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/20(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 14 and Feb. 16.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/21(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/21(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 17 and Feb. 19.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/22(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/22(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 20 and Feb. 22.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Full network, Service-based

Citizens’ Coalition for Change (CCC) “Yellow Sunday” rally held at the Zimbabwe Grounds in Highfield, Harare, was met with throttling of the internet and social media blocks, likely by the ruling Zimbabwe African National Union - Patriotic Front (ZANU-PF)

https://www.newsday.co.zw/theindependent/slider/article/4091/cyberspace-the-new-zim-political-battlefield

Postal and Telecommunication Regulatory Authority of Zimbabwe (Potraz) director-general Gift Machengete denied the allegations that the internet was throttled, attributing the slowdown to the large number of people at the rally

Zimbabwe: Econet Wireless, Zimbabwe: Telecel (ZARNet), Zimbabwe: NetOne

Mobile internet was throttled during a political rally in Harare, Zimbabwe on Feb. 20.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/23(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/23(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 15:00 to 21:00 daily between Feb. 23 and Feb. 25.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

Gunfight between militants and the Indian army.

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/24(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/24(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Shopian from 06:45 to 21:00 on Feb. 25.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Russian forces cutoff access to the internet along with all other basic services during their occupation

https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-traffic-patterns-in-ukraine-since-february-21-2022/, https://www.unian.net/war/voyska-rf-obstrelyali-grazhdanskih-vo-vremya-evakuacii-iz-irpenya-est-zhertvy-smi-novosti-kieva-11731258.html

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

The Russian military invading Irpin cutoff internet access during their occupation.

https://www.accessnow.org/stop-internet-shutdowns-in-ukraine/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Platform blocks began just as Russia invaded Ukraine

https://ooni.org/post/2022-russia-blocks-amid-ru-ua-conflict/, https://www.businessinsider.com/what-happens-social-media-and-news-go-dark-in-russia-2022-3, https://www.theverge.com/2022/3/14/22976603/russia-bans-instagram-facebook-meta-call-to-violence, https://explorer.ooni.org/chart/mat?probe_cc=RU&test_name=facebook_messenger&since=2022-01-01&until=2022-12-31&axis_x=measurement_start_day

Russia implemented platform blocks started with a centralized throttling of Twitter on Feb. 26 and expanded to ordering ISPs to fully block Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram on Mar. 4. These shutdowns endeavored to suppress dissenting opinions about the invasion of Ukraine.

https://www.accessnow.org/digital-rights-ukraine-russia-conflict/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Russian forces cutoff access to the internet along with all other basic services during their occupation

https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-traffic-patterns-in-ukraine-since-february-21-2022/, https://www.facebook.com/bucharada.gov.ua/posts/1822668304606232

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

The Russian military invading Bucha cutoff utilities, communication, and internet access during their occupation.

https://www.accessnow.org/stop-internet-shutdowns-in-ukraine/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Russian forces cutoff access to the internet along with all other basic services during their occupation

https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-traffic-patterns-in-ukraine-since-february-21-2022/; https://www.hrw.org/news/2022/03/07/ukraine-mariupol-residents-trapped-russian-assault

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

The Russian military invading Mariupol cutoff internet access during their occupation, including destroying the last cell tower on Mar. 6.

https://www.accessnow.org/stop-internet-shutdowns-in-ukraine/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Heavy bombardments from Russian forces, with purposeful damage to communications infrastructure, cutoff internet access in Sumy

https://twitter.com/gatech_ioda/status/1499741053087367169, https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/region/4370?from=1646200800&until=1646632799, https://www.reuters.com/world/europe/ukraine-starts-evacuating-civilians-sumy-irpin-officials-say-2022-03-08/

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

Russian forces, while heavily bombarding Sumy, hit critical communication infrastructure, causing a partial shutdown between Mar. 3 and Mar. 4 for ~21 hours.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Russian forces cutoff access to the internet along with all other basic services during their occupation

https://blog.cloudflare.com/internet-traffic-patterns-in-ukraine-since-february-21-2022/; https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Izium_(2022); https://www.amnesty.org/en/latest/news/2022/03/ukraine-beleaguered-town-of-izium-at-breaking-point-after-constant-attack-from-russian-forces-new-testimony/; https://zona.media/article/2022/09/21/izyum; https://www.currenttime.tv/a/31753747.html

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

The Russian military invading Izium cutoff internet access during their occupation from Mar. 3 until Sept. 10 through the deliberate destruction of civilian infrastructure. Access was slowly being restored as of late Sept.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Malda, Murshidabad, Uttar Dinajpur, Coochbehar, Jalpaiguri, Birbhum, and Darjeeling Districts, West Bengal

Government of West Bengal, Home & Hills Affairs Department

The West Bengal government moved to shutdown the internet during exam times in an effort to curb cheating, due to reports of past leaks of exam questions

https://twitter.com/internetfreedom/status/1500701051263275009, https://www.medianama.com/2022/03/223-west-bengal-internet-shutdown-order-problematic/, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/west-bengal-bans-net-services-on-class-10-board-exam-days-in-some-areas-to-stop-cheating/articleshow/90034081.cms

Sec. 144 Cr.P.C. and TSTS Amendment Rules (2020)

https://twitter.com/internetfreedom/status/1500701051263275009?lang=en

The authorities said, based on reports, that they believed the internet would be used for "unlawful activities in certain areas over the next few days".

The West Bengal government imposed a shutdown from Mar. 7 - Mar. 16 (not including Mar. 10, Mar. 13, or Mar. 15) between 11:00 and 15:15 during Class 10 state board examinations across the state.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Chewakalan area, Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/25(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/25(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in the Chewakalan area of Pulwama from 09:00 on Mar. 10 to 13:15 on Mar. 12.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Cyber attack against the ISP Triolan

https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1501910709734678529/photo/1; https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/asn/13188?from=1646287200&until=1648097999, https://therecord.media/ukraines-internet-infrastructure-struggles-as-russian-invasion-continues/

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

Ukraine: Ukrtelecom, Triolan

A cyber attack on Triolan's internet service triggered a shutdown across the country. It took ~1 week for the provider to recover full service due to the nature of the attack.

https://www.accessnow.org/stop-internet-shutdowns-in-ukraine/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Military of the Russian Federation

Heavy bombardments from Russian forces, with purposeful damage to communications infrastructure, cutoff internet access in Sumy

https://twitter.com/OliverLinow/status/1503339055093854210/photo/1, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/3/15/thousands-evacuate-sumy-as-russia-bombardment-continues, https://www.president.gov.ua/ru/news/derzhava-robit-use-shob-dopomogti-mariupolyu-zvernennya-prez-73485

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

Russian forces, who had been heavily bombarding Sumy, hit critical communication infrastructure, causing a partial shutdown on Mar. 12 for ~12 hours despite Ukrainian technicians working to restore service to the region after earlier attacks.

https://www.accessnow.org/stop-internet-shutdowns-in-ukraine/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Religious holiday/anniversary

The internet was suspended due to processions during Holi

https://www.indiatimes.com/news/india/internet-shutdowns-after-jk-rajasthan-is-the-new-hotbed-says-data-573814.html, https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/india-internet-shutdowns-looking-beyond-j-k-rajasthan-new-hotbed-1969664-2022-07-03

The internet was suspended for 12 hours on Mar. 16 in an attempt to allow a religious procession to move forward peacefully.

It only affected one city, county, or village

The internet was suspended in Ashgabat in preparation for the election of Serdar Berdimuhamedow

https://rus.azathabar.com/a/31757674.html

Turkmentelecom, AGTS (Ashgabat City Telephone Network)

Причину массового отключения интернета выяснить пока не удалось. В службе поддержки интернет провайдера абонентам отвечали , что «идёт профилактика».

On Mar. 7, around 2:00pm local time, the internet was shutdown on broadband and mobile for approximately one hour. This coincided with preparations for Serdar Berdimuhamedow's inauguration.

https://www.accessnow.org/turkmenistan-digitally-disconnects-nation/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Supreme Court Judge Alexandre de Moraes

A judge ordered that Telegram be suspended across the country due to alleged failure to deal with disinformation on the platform in the run-up to the presidential election

https://www.dw.com/en/brazil-telegram-messaging-app-blocked-by-top-court/a-61183805, https://www.reuters.com/technology/brazil-court-gives-telegram-sunday-deadline-comply-with-order-2022-03-20/, https://explorer.ooni.org/chart/mat?probe_cc=BR&test_name=telegram&since=2022-03-01&until=2022-04-01&axis_x=measurement_start_day

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

Failure to comply with court orders to remove content or block certain accounts

"Telegram's disrespect for Brazilian law and repeated failure to comply with countless court decisions... is completely incompatible with the rule of law" - Judge Alexandre de Moraes

A Supreme Court judge in Brazil ordered that Telegram be blocked for alleged refusal to remove misinformation or block certain accounts as dictated by previous court orders. The ban was lifted after two days once Telegram made changes to combat misinformation.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Military of the Russian Federation

Heavy bombardments from Russian forces, with purposeful damage to communications infrastructure, cutoff internet access in the Zhytomyr Oblast

https://mobile.twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1506725202490765318, https://therecord.media/ukraine-internet-russia-invasion/; https://www.rferl.org/a/ukraine-zhytomyr-region-russian-attacks/31759671.html

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

Russian forces, who had been heavily bombarding Zhytomyr, hit critical communication infrastructure, causing a partial shutdown on Mar. 23 for ~5 hours despite Ukrainian technicians working to restore service to the region after earlier attacks.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Cyber attack against full Ukrtelecom network

https://twitter.com/gatech_ioda/status/1508797147017326594/photo/1, https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733549/EPRS_BRI(2022)733549_EN.pdf, https://www.usnews.com/news/technology/articles/2022-03-28/ukrainian-telecom-companys-internet-service-disrupted-by-powerful-cyberattack

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

A cyber attack on Ukrtelecom's internet service triggered a shutdown which lasted ~17 hours.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Tunisian lawmakers held an online session in defiance of the President's attempt to dissolve parliament

https://explorer.ooni.org/search?since=2022-03-30&until=2022-03-31&probe_cc=TN&test_name=web_connectivity&domain=zoom.us&failure=false&only=anomalies, https://twitter.com/Article19MENA/status/1509480479401119745, https://www.middleeasteye.net/news/tunisia-zoom-teams-down-parliament-votes-reject-coup-saied

Zoom and Microsoft Teams

Tunisia: Ooredoo (NMTC), Tunisia: Orange, Tunisia: Tunisie Telecom

Tunisian lawmakers convened an online session to vote on controversial measures taken the previous summer by President Saied, during which Zoom and Microsoft Teams were inaccessible nationwide. The platforms were blocked from around 13:00 to 16:00 UTC.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Turkwangam area, Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/26(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/26(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in the Turkwangam area of Shopian from 01:30 to 16:55 on Apr. 1.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Communal clashes during a religious procession prompted the authorities to order a curfew and internet shutdown

https://internetfreedom.in/statement-on-repeated-internet-shutdowns-in-various-states-in-response-to-violence/; https://www.medianama.com/2022/04/223-internet-shutdown-karauli-rajasthan-extended/

Officials implemented a shutdown starting 18:30 on Apr. 2, effective until Apr. 7, in response to violence during a religious procession in Karauli.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Widespread public demonstrations against the president's declaration of a state of emergency prompted the government to cut access to social media services.

https://www.ndtv.com/world-news/social-media-blocked-curfew-in-sri-lanka-as-protests-spread-10-points-2859507; https://explorer.ooni.org/search?since=2022-04-03&until=2022-04-04&probe_cc=LK&test_name=whatsapp&failure=true

Public safety/ Quell unrest / Restore public order

https://www.usnews.com/news/world/articles/2022-04-03/social-media-platforms-blocked-in-sri-lanka

Telecommunications Regulatory Commission Chairman Jayantha de Silva said the measure was implemented to "maintain calm".

Sri Lanka: Airtel (Bharti Airtel), Sri Lanka: Dialog (Axiata), Sri Lanka: Hutch (CK Hutchison), Sri Lanka: Mobitel (Sri Lanka Telecom)

Due to mass protests and a curfew, the Telecommunications Regulatory Commission on the orders of the Ministry of Defense shut down social media services. The ban on social media services was lifted after 15 hours.

https://www.accessnow.org/sri-lanka-ensure-access-to-open-internet/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/27(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/27(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Anantnag from 01:00 on Apr. 9 to 14:10 on Apr. 11.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Pulwama, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/28(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/28(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Pulwama from 15:30 on Apr. 9 to 24:00 on Apr. 16.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Government under President Serdar Berdimuhamedow

Barely a month after Turkmenistan’s President, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, came into office — amidst international criticism that the election was neither fair nor free — the new leader is plunging the country’s six million people into a complete informational vacuum.

https://www.accessnow.org/turkmenistan-digitally-disconnects-nation/; https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1513510448762695687

Turkmentelecom, AGTS (Ashgabat City Telephone Network)

In March 2022, Turkmenistan’s President, Serdar Berdimuhamedow, came into office amidst international criticism that the election was neither fair nor free, and continued the country's pattern of censorship and shutdowns on April 10th by shutting off the internet for the country for nearly 2 days.

https://www.accessnow.org/turkmenistan-digitally-disconnects-nation/

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Keonjhar District Administration

Violent clashes between two religious communities occurred in the town of Joda, prompting the district police to enact Section 144 of the CrPC and suspend internet services for the entire Keonjhar district

https://twitter.com/NetShutdowns/status/1514505607105052672; https://www.hindustantimes.com/india-news/after-fresh-clashes-in-odisha-town-internet-suspension-extended-till-tomorrow-101649843165562.html; https://www.medianama.com/2022/04/223-internet-odisha-keonjhar-suspension/

Barbil sub divisional police officer Himansu Behera said in order to avoid any further such incident, as many as 16 platoons of police force have been deployed across the town. Imposition of prohibitory orders under Section 144 of the CrPC continues in the town, while all educational institutions and shops have been shut. The restriction will remain in force at least till 10 am of April 14.

Section 144 of the CrPC was invoked

Two religious communities in the mining town of Joda clashed over disagreements stemming from a flag processional for a Ram Navami celebration on Sunday 4/10. After days of intermittent violence and protests, the district police suspended internet service for 48 hours starting on 4/12 at 10:00am local time.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Lohardaga District Administration

Clashes took place during a procession of Ramnavami, prompting local officials to suspend internet service

https://internetfreedom.in/statement-on-repeated-internet-shutdowns-in-various-states-in-response-to-violence/; https://www.dailypioneer.com/2022/state-editions/internet-services-restored-in-lohardaga.html

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

To check the spread of rumors following stone pelting on the procession of Ramnavami

The internet was suspended for five-days between Apr. 12 and Apr. 17 by local authorities in Lohardaga in an attempt to curb the spread of rumors following violence during a religious procession.

It only affected one city, county, or village

DDos attack against the local ISP of Cherkasy, McLaut

https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1514286183727173632, https://www.facebook.com/McLaut.UA/posts/5966128803413628

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

A significant #Internet disruption in Cherkasy, #Ukraine since 12:00 UTC appears to be related to a #DDoS attack against the local ISP, McLaut.

A DDoS attack on a local ISP in Ukraine triggered a shutdown for nearly three hours.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Clashes between students at Dhaka College and traders at New Market

https://en.prothomalo.com/bangladesh/city/high-speed-internet-services-suspended-in-new-market-area, https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/telecom/mobile-internet-services-suspended-new-market-area-406002

Public safety/ Quell unrest / Restore public order

https://www.tbsnews.net/bangladesh/telecom/mobile-internet-services-suspended-new-market-area-406002

Clashes between students and traders in the New Market area of Dhaka prompted the government to direct mobile internet providers to cutoff access to the internet in the immediate area. The shutdown started mid-afternoon on Apr. 19 and lasted to at least early morning on Apr. 20.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Sunjwan area, South Kashmir, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir

https://twitter.com/DigitalRightsKS/status/1518346294208569346; https://twitter.com/DigitalRightsKS/status/1517351821467136000, https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2022/4/22/ahead-of-modi-visit-six-killed-in-kashmir

Link to shutdown order is broken, but the home department site matches the start date and location of a shutdown confirmed separately

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/30(TSTS)of2022.pdf

The internet was shutdown in South Kashmir, including the Sunjwan area, starting Apr. 21 based on reports from partners, and coincided with a visit by PM Modi on Apr. 24.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Pulwama and Shopian Districts, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir

https://twitter.com/DigitalRightsKS/status/1517903126141239296?cxt=HHwWgIDU0bu21pAqAAAA

Link to shutdown order is broken, but the home department site matches the start date and location of a shutdown confirmed separately

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/29(TSTS)of2022.pdf

The internet was shutdown in Pulwama and Shopian on Apr. 23 based on reports from partners, and likely followed an existing shutdown in Pulwama from Apr. 9 to Apr. 16.

Government of Jammu & Kashmir

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/31(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Link to shutdown order is broken, but the home department site shows the start date

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/31(TSTS)of2022.pdf

The internet was shut down somewhere in Jammu & Kashmir on Apr. 29 based on the home department website which has a listed shutdown order.

It only affected one city, county, or village

A day after clashes in Patiala, the state government cutoff internet access in an attempt to prevent the spread of rumors.

https://maktoobmedia.com/2022/04/30/internet-blocked-after-clashes-in-punjabs-patiala/

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

“Mobile internet services (2G/3G/4G/CDMA), all SMS services and all dongle services etc provided on mobile networks except voice calls in the territorial jurisdiction of the District of Patiala from 9:30 am to 6 pm on 30th April 2022.All Telecom Services providers in the State of Punjab and Head of BSNL (Punjab Jurisdiction) are hereby directed to ensure compliance of this order,” read the state government release.

All mobile internet and SMS services were suspended between 09:30 and 18:00 on Apr. 30 in Patiala.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Kherson and Zaporizhzhia Oblasts

Military of the Russian Federation

In the occupied city of Kherson, Russian authorities shut down the internet in order to route service through Russian networks

https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1521812037055176705, https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1521102562509873152, https://cip.gov.ua/en/news/okupanti-vidklyuchili-zv-yazok-ta-internet-v-khersonskii-ta-chastini-zaporizkoyi-oblastei

Sabotage/ Third-party Action

Russian authorities instituted a complete shutdown in Kherson and part of Zaporizhzhia for ~24 hours starting Apr. 30, followed by 3 days of near-total shutdown as they re-routed internet traffic in the region through Russian networks via Crimea.

https://www.accessnow.org/who-is-shutting-down-the-internet-in-ukraine/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Jodhpur Divisional Commissioner

Communal clashes before Eid led the Jodhpur government to cutoff internet access and impose a curfew

https://twitter.com/NetShutdowns/status/1522971144638197760, https://twitter.com/NetShutdowns/status/1521417150107295744, https://www.republicworld.com/india-news/general-news/jodhpur-violence-internet-services-in-city-restored-curfew-extended-till-may-10-articleshow.html

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

To control the spread of misinformation

https://twitter.com/NetShutdowns/status/1521417131983745024/photo/1

All mobile internet and SMS services were suspended between 01:00 on May 3 to 16:00 on May 8.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Two men were attacked and their bike set on fire, prompting a shutdown in an effort to maintain peace and stop the spread of rumors.

https://www.deccanherald.com/national/north-and-central/internet-services-suspended-in-bhilwara-after-miscreants-attack-2-persons-1106658.html

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

The internet was suspended for 24 hours between May 5 and May 6 in Bhilwara.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Mass protests regarding steep price increases and shortages of bread and water

https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1523051860265148418, https://twitter.com/ARTICLE19Iran/status/1522988135633805315; https://filter.watch/en/2022/05/09/internet-shutdown-in-khuzestan-and-nationwide-throttling-in-response-to-bread-protests/

Iran's Ahwazi ethnic group

Following growing protests across Khuzestan, authorities shutdown the internet from around 10:00 UTC on May 6 until around 05:00 UTC on May 7, reportedly throttling broadband speeds and fully shutting down mobile networks.

https://www.accessnow.org/how-internet-shutdowns-affect-women-in-iran/

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1523731953803198464, https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1523676096058773506, https://twitter.com/filterbaan/status/1523749767104598017

Iran: MCI (TCI), Iran: MTN Irancell, Iran: Rightel (Tamin Telecom)

A nationwide shutdown was imposed from around 13:00 to 14:30 UTC on May 9 in the wake of escalating protests.

https://www.accessnow.org/how-internet-shutdowns-affect-women-in-iran/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Pandoshan area, Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/32(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/32(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in the Pandoshan area of Shopian from 06:00 on Apr. 9 to 23:30 on May 10.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Marhama area, Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/33(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/33(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in the Marhama area of Anantnag from 17:15 to 22:00 on May 11.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Mobile internet was suspended after the death of a young man during a brawl between two communities

https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/05/11/tension-in-rajasthan-bhilwara-over-murder-internet-suspended.html, https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/city/jaipur/rajasthan-mobile-internet-services-suspended-in-bhilwara-after-youth-stabbed-to-death/articleshow/91483731.cms

Public safety/ Quell unrest / Restore public order

https://www.theweek.in/news/india/2022/05/11/tension-in-rajasthan-bhilwara-over-murder-internet-suspended.html

"Internet services have been suspended to maintain peace as rumours are spread in such a situation," said Ashish Modi, Bhilwara district collector,

Mobile internet services were suspended between the morning of May 11 and 06:00 on May 12 due to the threat of protests after the death of a young man following communal tensions and violence.

It only affected one city, county, or village

A Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) leader was attacked and killed, prompting massive protests and an internet shutdown

https://www.indiatoday.in/india/story/tension-grips-rajasthan-s-hanumangarh-after-local-vhp-leader-attacked-1948452-2022-05-12, https://economictimes.indiatimes.com/news/india/now-internet-services-snapped-in-rajasthans-hanumangarh/articleshow/91509727.cms?from=mdr

Public safety/ Quell unrest / Restore public order

After Bhilawara, tension prevailed in Rajasthan’s Hanumangarh district after a local Vishva Hindu Parishad (VHP) leader was assaulted by members of another community in Nohar on Wednesday. After the assault, VHP functionaries took to the streets in protest, raising slogans and blocking roads so that traffic came to a standstill. Internet service was suspended in Nohar and two other towns in the Hanumangarh district in Rajasthan on May 12.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Turkwangam area, Shopian, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

Crossfire between CRPF and suspected terrorists

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/34(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/34(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in the Turkwangam area of Shopian from 15:00 on May 15 to 18:20 on May 16.

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Gorno-Badakhshan Autonomous Oblast (GBAO)

Escalating violent protests

https://thediplomat.com/2022/05/internet-severed-again-in-tajikistans-gbao/, https://thediplomat.com/2022/06/tajikistan-lifts-internet-block-on-gbao-whats-next/

Violent protests escalated in Khorugh again, prompting Tajik authorities to suspend internet access in GBAO starting May 17. Services returned unexpectedly on Jun. 25.

https://www.accessnow.org/central-asia-internet-shutdowns-harm-rights/

It only affected one city, county, or village

Targeted disruptions in an active conflict zone

https://progressivevoicemyanmar.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/06/Internet-Shutdown-Athan-May-2022-Eng.pdf

The junta imposed a full shutdown on May 23 at 11:48pm local time until approximately 1:00pm local time on May 24 in Monywa. Phone lines were also disconnected.

https://www.accessnow.org/myanmar-shutdowns-hide-atrocities/

It affected more than one city in the same state, province, or region

Srinagar, Ganderbal, Budgam, Anantnag, Kulgam, Shopian, Pulwama, and Awantipora Districts, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

The authorities suspended mobile internet in an attempt to stop the spread of rumors surrounding the sentencing of separatist leader, Yasin Malik

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/35(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/35(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in multiple districts from 17:00 to 22:00 on May 25.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Konaseema, Andhra Pradesh

Violent protests took place over the proposed renaming of a district, prompting authorities to suspend internet access

https://sflc.in/7-day-long-internet-shutdown-andhra-pradesh-violation-supreme-court-india-guidelines-rti-response, https://www.medianama.com/2022/05/223-internet-shutdown-konaseema-andhra-pradesh/

Fake news/ Hate speech/ Incendiary content/ Promoting violence

Eluru Range DIG G. Pala Raju on Monday said the suspension of Internet services would continue for two more days in Konaseema district to check spread of fake information on police action against the protesters and prevent fresh protests against the proposal of renaming Konaseema district as Dr. B.R. Ambedkar district.

Internet services were suspended in the Konaseema district of Andhra Pradesh between May 25 and Jun. 1.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Nationwide traffic drop (CF reported), several areas of Rawalpindi, including Shamsabad and Faizabad, cities including Lahore, Karachi, Islamabad (various cities in Punjab)

Authorities under Prime Minister Shehbaz Sharif and the Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA)

The internet was disrupted across the country ahead of former PM Imran Khan's Azadi March and related protests.

https://twitter.com/CloudflareRadar/status/1529481339472429062, https://digitalrightsmonitor.pk/internet-outage-reported-across-pakistan-as-ptis-azadi-march-gains-momentum/, https://gulfnews.com/world/asia/pakistan/pakistan-protesters-clash-with-police-as-imran-leads-march-1.88134610

Pakistan: Jazz (Global Telecom), Cybernet

PTI followers who are organizing protests

Former PM Imran Khan's march to Islamabad spurred widespread protests and subsequent shutdowns across the country for approximately 2 hours. The Pakistan Telecommunication Authority (PTA) offered no statement.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

Mobile internet was shutdown to attempt to quell misuse of services by separatists following the sentencing to life imprisonment of Yasin Malik

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/36(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/36(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 07:30 to 21:40 on May 26.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

Mobile internet was shutdown to attempt to quell misuse of services by separatists following the sentencing to life imprisonment of Yasin Malik

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/37(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/37(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Srinagar from 11:30 to 20:00 on May 27.

It only affected one city, county, or village

Anantnag, Jammu & Kashmir

Government of Jammu & Kashmir, Home Department

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/38(TSTS)of2022.pdf

National security/ Counter-terrorism

https://jkhome.nic.in/pdf/38(TSTS)of2022.pdf

Mobile internet was suspended in Anantnag from 16:15 on May 28 to 10:00 on May 29.

It affected locations in more than one state, province, or region

Middle and high school exams

https://twitter.com/DougMadory/status/1532345447603478528; https://twitter.com/gatech_ioda/status/1532333849199398913; https://blog.cloudflare.com/syria-sudan-algeria-exam-internet-shutdown/; https://ioda.inetintel.cc.gatech.edu/country/SY?from=1659240000&until=1660276799; https://pulse.internetsociety.org/blog/exam-season-2022-syria

To ensure the conduct of the exam process and to prevent intrusions and electronic assaults on secondary school exams in its various branches for the first session of 2022

https://www.syria.tv/%D9%85%D9%88%D8%A7%D8%B9%D9%8A%D8%AF-%D9%82%D8%B7%D8%B9-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A5%D9%86%D8%AA%D8%B1%D9%86%D8%AA-%D9%81%D9%8A-%D8%B3%D9%88%D8%B1%D9%8A%D8%A7-%D8%A8%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%AA%D8%B2%D8%A7%D9%85%D9%86-%D9%85%D8%B9-%D8%A8%D8%AF%D8%A1-%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%A7%D9%85%D8%AA%D8%AD%D8%A7%D9%86%D8%A7%D8%AA

The company said in a statement that the internet shutdown comes at the request of the “Ministry of Education” to ensure the conduct of the exam process and to prevent intrusions and electronic assaults on secondary school exams in its various branches for the first session of 2022.

Syrian authorities went back on their promises to stop internet shutdowns during exams by cutting off access 8 times during exam periods in 2022: May 30, Jun. 2, Jun. 6, Jun. 12, Aug. 1, Aug. 4, Aug. 7, Aug. 9.

https://www.accessnow.org/empty-promises-shutdowns-exams/