The four post-Soviet Central Asian republics discussed here—Kazakhstan, Tajikistan, Turkmenistan, and Uzbekistan— have problematic records with respect to electronic surveillance with little regard to international norms of due process, privacy, and transparency. While there have been some noteworthy victories with respect to regulating Western companies’ exports of surveillance technology to other difficult regions such as the Middle East, a different approach is needed in a region with a large Russian presence such as Central Asia.…